Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to the migration of labourers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center in northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.
Commerce
The World Bank ranked Ludhiana as the city in India with the best business environment in 2009.
The riches are brought mostly by small-scale industrial units, which produce industrial goods, machine parts, auto parts, household appliances, hosiery, apparel, and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle consumption of more than 10 million each year. Ludhiana produces 60% of India's tractor parts and a large portion of auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars like BMW and Mercedes are exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the world requirement. It is one of the largest manufacturers of sewing machines. Hand tools and precision industrial equipment is another specialty. The apparel industry Ludhiana is famous all over India for its woollen sweaters and cotton t-shirts; most of the top Indian woollen apparel brands like Octave, Miss Grace, and Monte Carlo are based in Ludhiana.
Besides industry, Ludhiana is a major agri-products producer. It is a big center for dairy product packaging. Ludhiana is also a major trading hub for commodities for North India. It is a major consumer shopping center with consumers coming from around parts of Punjab to do their big-ticket shopping.
The first major setback to the industry and business in Ludhiana has been the insurgency in Punjab that lasted from 1984 to 1992. Many industries moved out of and set up base in the township of Faridabad, Haryana, in close contiguity with the greater New Delhi area. Another major impact has been the preferential taxation policies in neighbouring hill states which has provided the businesses in those states a huge competitive advantage. Many Ludhiana-based industries are moving into those areas to take advantage of the zero tax policies. Another major challenge in recent years has been the chronic labour shortages.
Ludhiana is also home to the Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association.
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